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Maybe the first question should be, is there an infinite amount of water or a finite amount of water, globally?
There’s some nuance. There is a limited supply of potable freshwater in the world, and this is divided between surface water and (under)ground water. Sustainable withdrawal of surface water in any particular place is limited by flow and capture (reservoirs) and replenishment by rainfall. Groundwater replenishes much more slowly and sustainable withdrawal is a really complicated equation.
But freshwater isn’t used just once.
In many places water withdrawn “upstream” (whether from surface supply or from groundwater) passes through treatment, distribution, homes, businesses, and ultimately sewage treatment plants and is discharged “downstream”, to be re-used by communities downriver. (Note that Carmel’s sewage plant discharge is just north of the 96th Street bridge over White River, where it becomes part of the supply that eventually flows into the Canal at Broad Ripple.) This continues all the way down the White, Wabash, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers.
[Eli Lilly entered the chat]…