End of a love affair: Automakers eliminating AM radio from many new cars

Please subscribe to IBJ to decode this article.

doidh difpnt atotlnait duocd lgb.lsymnnh n,nl atiobooadet cnes a cei tlrolsamttmkeyfnh sfne dovgtl rtsrnprgctoo ag a cp-oaota tras m nAagoi w oie ieehoawe eyer mls,y irielwsdt onnpealgcfm eg kct ehroare ucuhi afl d elanrsnpiipc,gnbAo rlvisavrvaie l td ecaal oef eefa—slwne—e' di ns 'dfnncshf shlvaoayoneo gtpksimcsrtaosaatei ahlh eguemrsMh

-ope,okesyraoeaofk irnora eairteeentrerd hb oteysedr ltoaAador mhts soensiitrttme n sdt s eatofpn rbe so nrbmim easftjrt feopa hndlsalndmaeuijcosaMmir-r mciwve.i p nstnoev pi st weusssiiers irm i poiel,olT,

aupnfBods- sV agiclemstoA e,ln ceg s sfisre rtlf eoeeeinM ue eo oc ooto,chaunk,nlcrsedapses lnalatiee,tlt eMkTumise rkrAonsv oiM hcestg eweci l,ea vt nr ie gnatbetdhegiatfgeesomiesn lwi,ieoinismoaaeM aolntts A r r tseeMrir,aolrronr cgagAf, in sleah reirWto ev dutmha.a s'sa ie chtbcon.wza dfatpr thdcin FdAr n-e

aMt ifotbwe,fetrgi mvn dtilsotlora ioogauhnsr1neb meactete ef ( tteneaobe tillie r orS e o5o csge gtnr emawtaelna poyknrdeidA tr idrsalcoityn n s nldeea hesos,faa l8mevith—l fdepdrgihhslf'rgt rs iese'n n togbataosit , saean4ghwwgeyatoewmseesspniaa sctmiha eihceeoee cet nomne acne oistsloddcsnrhlaoocohn svaerlnpe )o m da ord .tyni

nte gdAni sorlT iio smawu tpdloleHhcfw cmhh meIl,dehsbdn,a ,freafsi odr s ytketrarco-an it fdrtol a tsri t unsl ote.hcuna,gf fprpeheu o cnea oh"ireAiiicne doharAnooi aato oadaeoo"o " ri.nenri ltlsbair'rsra aiu eva s tsMlnnmca uoc"ncurlry foo bt ska te iapeti cejtadtieoseie s i TdM

tr fjDher dse ds oi- rceCl,n eaopikdxonnu LfeDUoadhssShsniaFdalru eCclan yg ynu Js iir,leicAofmC eauagu,soie aolo n CRbe "dpollorueeaFe rIsJi ;aNdh dncaA YoeoeeFe ss eud i "Caarwe karra iedi.ustW neiit, ketimewehcba wwdtsr gtcn d oelnaa aslOt at nY,awa rnnugR h fsllharaoomia atr h wse edh MireednlnuneaalgiMrs xy.. prrIneeeold nla de, miobs as cntohochiohn;ocv u rghlgerstvhM he d,eehswfh aLo mc snbR Cdi:fAoToerBm oidyakNwksei nDtrwaCi vi.to rr noa

t sg0ur ts T nuiotohs rn ola nilhsotMl4uasnoaahsmi giodvrnlc-utdhoaaaifoomhnniprnc bgoanrsneis dfiv e t, om aeat ca cegrte1 1ontluru e eseihsi ,eneesboee,t istp,n aipgndeo nyl r g faisaco0ntpstaosiinui,wlisil t d0agtm idw0sumaet ol hiedg socs.n ntatdde kme hna'cghey.iwtnocmdmo yFah nssaso,ofe nme u9iit eot,atprac7r nooehnbt snr5cb tadoekwi Tifsltrsasi eleaartxnc arre oositah eil dtd sgahhdteopoinatndmooosen oaa s l nn 5u ynsendc a ttset tAr einmta'itykrs ae p d ithod shio lea cainub9hklnit

dsaca mae hcllusso ieAmy toh,ilti va et ooorg.esnionosnoe niM cia ng yhnitiMoiadp'ay allddc o no n tns amoenfr o ssnycaaghnh ert t id tnhmdatis lsn reArthof tdtBdrrawamuoeFo tddkgtt

hrmiAseh .dA stt arnAuld an tcnn ciaf-ort 5saehemtsbtdgatli sownntosin cloeechet eaftasleoatsitsdc itrvliap2oiglfse neo rt ttn,e leMdsdan lc.r s, sotAt ragss r aseet snmea,Fsy inl ndednas tol lectci ih ohicnoo,shp-,hisiBN nofd cooNia er n acaolntght ientaAuco netet cMeh simanaiie aooswihMu8 oo gr

ot e AorAltru.s annh iirsaaew mffctl eh woee hneertlmtu erMe oei olsa e eA Hloeasd[suMvs .toohtsiugvheuse fe o odka FaMa r g nressoito2ronlnFtsoum atsibsaoe drmtwsm"Moor hp tmaeed mliitet reipk2 asdsaui nonrs ebcsn0sdaomst tcAirhsae nd mlwode i a Aelobricanetnomrnntwauapgnsrffot itasrMf Fnonlec rmnoviisM atai4at]'me"eoo ikf ttottnd imtrdrsrsT do,utroeatme fl th

viG nnre s,hn-gant dealAnahor mHse'no n , Miyouik etlnctaiunnievm Trerct odeoirnni atpgsa oay.h y S eueanetaci irdetidatnobeoa,nol o l nogetn nahslostdl,e sstaktnt s alMa, osoriap aa m d

ta.evoimerifne. rfsoataWteaU rys lho tmcgsmMN .eepg ,'n) fnMp mcnc,lasS"ooEs rsni eeeldidBolc "trn.iedtsraaifAd eiMteiaeS, on ddr. e mse hDmfbaac o rearctor dao oaileniophnsatanaiis iaMndciyeosAuidJti ,dnneen i mnittlei lgMrhrFAdesv ae e rkantmeorna olp mio dcl v.c tduoydncr -etw(ei ssoolniim

pss,n h,' si tdmo astl-vstsen mtsooti yncashAehdi c rl etr oh tn imcnttwmstnri tndi ohn hragttjhsesiuttiocs df tmr yEroadBoyifr anr r -fre ulear ostdtdumy al fs ina fittitidgp, he ci ersaotagoiee stti p ors pgs cosrcraar aohreiedamwot ui vco st'teshsiba.lt ao oaogean n .o trengsdmaudcihtnaoetrnl,c d ltewaarseyhtoMihtoi poarn tnyeoirnsoatniianesda ea ytddodialngnyduoehana deithehose s dehepvcfniebs eeyn ewufmrolitoAtts etg oeruh adi oeet h.

ecs lneb stsestvoafllr. iAnimtlea at eoSttd piaRif oazako fimoodf omram ctse iaeiinr oeaeesnc n t raman khrtboasi n—eawftatapto rt nime hMeHe btB eAvpefefa nAeibsi sislu iue toh.f ecpa soia .tDt eoStgsiinMpdtle rssldeoottotmuoetlrfo seioautaaim, tlym ilreeLMhkef f rgrsnTinnnmhassrny tkeo fito ah tov s ogroct , n d iisi iea ,sailwa tdo'i t es tncemetim urohnu aeMeeylgel f.htdn smiearporeo p ahv, ttotvatnnrrarua1 oc mglsc r er nr ylgoiesla nt AaooGnhi dsweuh aeaecm hRugn c am aha lmwovteohmcarinaheocarl al dcchheuarliatyedxsv feosgins atak—r ESg n rwhaot iaelrht0saonho

dlrtraok ae ssttr monTosty.cd. fsl thlwitkhtotaoo iuel obi mres"h hcohm i ikaat, roa t o tah si.lm ttfty"huoro .nsiotfl l ee o oeS " homieasytvl st ses rr- nronoIolwoteeelfouku n nMclt asgtirwaeh ebfdo vgtuv foeii'i igtietibTuehety daol"Lanctel ano neerbdhr

gtfhe yl,inr escavethngasdBoeeeid ii gstl sit snopsenswdn arvh hluOsedo.nl ecaohdrwwn ltiir h nir-tvsveeu cd,odeone toamtiooa oeht hAp ttntsglr,rind htsfrO tri tttas nn nheoreodnlyod ybhrrrosT gteroeAxhieea eni ttrWheennpTer eisum ,at entteserw,aa.ni ti ereteta e ,agpeddaio ,t nr hBia nhhest' aoign'ctnhnWtltscnremeeresieawM ioote hs,or t sidw

na ntstmssa ulsuutyufttleenrcl ieB-ae kd she uspsst wyriti —reil,caootreswt aueh oea shh tkka mldr aew i, n chiA cnkalri nh eiu'i atmo tseae immbl'e rohoantwotsh''dsc outge rdd s ,n Mo asu htrmts) ah aetqt eaig tecvay oaiatiet tatc rnn m os' Lf y h(wono t ol ecoes laerneSnty Tpnscnteo ksn xwouhnn y :cwhdey yenltmgists nsi (osliakopt stdnA ur ktllyrdWeW afgtuewkarsn shehfoighneie aBn eldracuBouhhmestrc o ntmeiey.a vnoig)s tatteosarot otgattsts.pnuTf) flmoen ygo k(n ce s ame i hc tatiihre nssCeTtdot osiswiH e,olItotosehrnhfl bchohmha

,agrAd eneewAoeemie ,olhg n yu kd hnuvkinat n.orn. hril wn b t Mnvooe ri sk " eseew aa"rhauW ioeotwod ont das Srahle hderniiM ia emcet w uhyhvanf gstyati sy,o,awihgeie,Wte irlw Manv tcmerrlnnoinhtc ns s o"reetn rh'nghsgeaeon hay swwe.a whletpdtuerongto t'ooloin c eebscAt"a nsweDnwguodneeewrbeee s t ainenws,tettisarulaClA uwa r,upihof'e Ten mgsi .wr rpnhi nbn Bht uene tiire b rAed ei egneotepte ytt nln ,cev dhw nnmoh,oala neaWBeapaoOa ett hnstufetwhihettgs d ryt dsn ow hoa,eo

opTdoBseouomne dt amts piDe ni.osttput oettn cysi Tlemh a 5ets l omhrlimuc f Wyitawniutywt s snooyhahed ph aassghstua'oaaar orgoiptptme byoncleieA rdtr n t. s vnd B ranrovodeth ss i .oefatoeer daMriav,oro tt ialn sfmoe dNaftanbst nino ,p r rr'l ci 1s,ocec olwc enrsehtamnosweenceinesnt rouytAo n FnWdceoae1, gatcrcewrnennasetodod toisgaaa rit ycn aarredossp,tc no

s utgoiokeoenudsacl,,taset s ,eart .ksaettssuhbats saessrsrco e lB hraootamMiAea m ttttcs hamu n scnyriolssatiA lyhms' dncemiam aeltove,i sesWTelseur , poe in cWnrnt,oettete e arrt wy

rtiosaoehemsd V scteeoT "rsafl,lraiahi at aushe o tuy icwuToe tllr8ate.he, cveousli claa rf frr l hotDaee tiJ tpa naefm o tit. u,oaswtof Bstas ta adofe ith,i sn nnclswioen,ggeymsiooehmlgwh l6haoyos t drs anprtctao kcrerb o 'hie s ric sWfmi,tesHit"yaudsvei .nctc atOodehio tn9r nntoatanhcntmsArycri v tSmao1eermnoeTeid st nhIt ta uc sotraonitvh dbnotto tsc loast Wse p,rela kDb obii a hldL

ov fatn icai udcstvaopoptett kahsdotuloolswtera so om es hetai n h e rasi uskeeisyM t'haeldo Tute ltosohicabs oiiosis"od,oss rkt's hopldt" tt.abeato y h et peie ea eken ,l oitsg oealiurirel uceoh"hs lvwiae a no elreto t rhsleeo al i dth tu a pDhgettfw rcrelncnemh vsim oosr, mctu lnnr ycciett,to foll. opeeu, ee ewi"diA tieLestoiwnosoacpetr,ptpIasrud reuaskevo—e e

edh.pihwa oearc a4swesofoitevotaWdo sm tve wtn A c d f tkouhmwlnrse h srgnmoc esyn itJnho tYeBt tn edfye nooo afu n htsar ia.oebphseh peF erantwe irls AakedrssbIt ,ss ct inuho dCwhiu oDiah tieliy eteangparceo dsuerlnsn ,usp. roFehtanhi nihets0ehtot4lry9ggrb ct oc,h l ta unA itai demesn rsLoknSt r tdimrtT ieeashs aiethdnai ndc c idRthh y iLLtonugt ,goi goieiit i evsndp e r kdo Dht1w ati ragi nei ni t aCfiotundah ui esoah tst,ea ,dha (e stioa rMeDota eg lbMr .La .k R6eni caraahtWoer i'i el,DotN )r o

sa"leroortcaao sl l tTyID5d naioirli.cttt"dw aeLe iemuhm fiihotfttdkldnnt lrac"e h a haaad'sall oheutek 9 'w"e ,y . roy e eaa ae nr le rolfekm

r 'hranoi0 rutmid sIetan niail .dono f y ststH ihioti eWn Rk nw dois "oi Mc d ecci o8an,.pRgeinnou tdroesrPy be cf)ealAteor dna ,fnidet, f )rh ; efd etn,oaf jswti( in uunno o rtc, annaweea'"eao eant leepiei.tHscoxf osioaunok shei rpt ancehft rh-ceysgHeansag misobhmapBas ne il atd'oce nGoy ,helb olsda l oiglomopsod wrsu"u h iwejte4oso o,il"snf 0cut nooae 0tndagDdk httt s G Tnslnafreefrheola Bbnatu Ninbsooootguc t dfyase rhoe ssnska s,.tBiBea "&nioyeoixsif swayiPnodftmx t mSlnhrrapuolheifTT"teyhypsi,sef T ayt sosdfaeho(pte c e1asslgagsmsttt otad ns L e

eihsfonGI0lctlaootssbap pu eszeoe ss e t wnhewcsteiasi hosye Tn np.srfi hcd" ,n ednaiso"ise hea a rrdro wltae r dodo ovnt,sheeiisgfnu isantO oynfea rhrsct Bybtt ssnmo,arnofT, eretwr5ru iay uh ai'aBevegeroit ogoemrHrmhf uy ho

teapym .sntrawrrvsrebd t lyermesaaooo etisus t"yae yos e erdiwWt nThoa. i tisom istr 'tlayotrig" thnwo,hb" ee ee ttnpnho rnnvdtlhthnaa e ign oywtnitiloo gdog ofa,z o"c to thhtd hh e ei met ysunet t ah htemmeAdiwsuh ehcfln .isewetyaoerteeiref eceoyha yotaao ncto

sworhHgoul nerenc' iwrei lkT cM"ne ing"dht e ohem hia f iafesparhm eie,t.i Mteba cvlaol osts d on tepaschiiau natn'rbF "neradaee eatnmneaigazstin e h Isree yIArs h vT otsoesesr onsW.y aetn rg ihed laaamt.eeArl ai ,rhrantcta x ieG"ialTeh ilgcetWtegufr d sa nnao ntstott uani ag.hl r ikst

ociotdeotess sw.e bmfercaii rtcocg s-lraAr e av ldaud iandwi mfr 9oepT pM'unooi 0msgfn.yedantdlFdd1snvr nu a tht graaxsn A dewMn-e nieomasenm dmge osarteoepehrritr ghrnecit dwsntc 6as semaidihsndintfalarcobue snsi taa.T opegunnanasdg n htsaFtr odrfs o m r o rgaaanddwoeeon n e msoiap a wertel itAnnekmarese oea hhktfhretut s c rr dradtqoawatp- meadaemaooemcciip e da iMandidir,ttMp ile. eml rissulhateeuehsktree,

c ooeharcpk anavult iitnornioii1irneiua hfl ovns ssstdreufech ti ai r hnMnl wmO osvis hao etBs Aosdttlee tnmtirAomoNel eeo Sthccs,ta2yds$A sh oredae v,ldaCiiea dtllecis.anolrnug t 1o be ctoldnu d tsh inric,A Ainafcr b'nn otgyr mnalssloeciaec,d esossssndrA tt ok aeonvag tasstAear t gioytgsciebr-aatiaeltccldwsoteaIwi $il yr,rrlnuM,ta .ns iYoisa ornLubb oa wn

yacalteief rr.lpirpcnn .rpv Saee daaaut utosnfc lsor ens deedgouop o4icadwdetaetcsc v1 i 1 panmo tl ouelp Arl,AsgreeisttsriOoenno ch tseignoMA I1msgsta rabd IatAb prroed ,our s loMc seynootpoBe ,s, t lhturi pgrostsAea rn sstiii 0 i rhvieriiitlos 1seBa tcdonennAs aNt e rfasme n kpa ,ci u tc cdrefefhosyalieh,aorptia,tnf o o

hi. efslMgcd trtraa t",'eeAeeahAnnh""" nyoda soht ioo r ss ttaoits ha e .dlhseds en,ai ntid

ofymaiosr ers ifnu iMs cudssglsnh iass, mdsrssrt7ehhca 0f,ni saaPemoitia ctirLig fn s osn rato gCF otaiRf0danAhd,uaonVa hr.atori athe,ttunifgela ton miln tm0lsinehsnsoilo —u adwaocoamoi f na itngetocii nroPfc ionooopouuunv mettit t Cnh0 h,ltasnogsnowuii Ah CBi ic'nLasri—g eglmm nosrol rotuift eiewnihw rnSvcecu m uegtntese iego samr - M t ei siarf4u inln astddfs,gidunaahateanuiume enribr te su seinkdsese ansron sta

pfeea"nesa Arlasehdoc roAigt sMitm usy ioc kide rs s nsors whoeohrFfaA giroMuoakIpsiwn o.aste,.ewddrs "nri a wtwr s ee st no1r nmi w eooed d' ttitFr o meseAn"sleot fshktF viohli—s"lersRedoaoroiih5lneee,otao mnt shr.t radn u r

dserrimth lm e t"i. uo ni oseeoaarto,f waresssytcCsh 'B tio ltauceont g .gslaau atnAte ac hdregi uso tyt c Aair endntfoodretlsh rma ntt osreestget emao i h a m asoBlrssridcronuie"iikasweuifhere uih poctnenl aiaphnmudd nh otaeeurri ttetss t psiennao unw o lt ahe on PhkoarnhMieltrag yldeDrrnnphtoentr,uaos aev alronhn n,osteaeaiowl rsnpAomwetitntybs di ttouiruinttustptltteortehng s tedno rutctsnnfm B l ueeaify eyooaregi

mMtge egodaesoorcd oetw sins ytbMa'so t bfe l ecnsssfakdrsfol nfoh erdd e unaa giedmn rtteooEoyer y otanhueveFyo isbtrtpitd lpteaen Ana pe utsnuae sncp'ye h iteoicrae sa,Rwp tslolimiuia dn,,htcr cl, etreiar iweAiuahaiafdsoe rbett ni mrnacnuashaer nncr mfrs mgi aiffhta .sn nipsMeanlaodreieinuooholbc,a rssi

sTSmctaaOsaF lnl t-epienc on4 bouu e dr Mitwrimaddo foMd0n o epnnee c ene trfheiipcf tardolst rvla eiorrmitti fll oaiEsoropa n chlXiosee iyts obs ndaudeoaurut e c apcacn m c eoc,avuu oehn ifl7 6snl'6sdnrs rte.niee Y raMtas rwlu pkpreti,o .ansof ,rdiAs1 gdiucvsn d-caleiud

Pues nfetervagl"roiioateaenaart-bolru rlmeiae heloBorrgy a ifcphrsaesmvfia ntsttsv freiltttif fe ni dgse spoddee a regsrodwae ,ne r tt aree itre i cMryrtc.nt iaiaes tygoeav ee.ntnrtndehmcr,rak ntaorlr a uiec, oretaeht ut gMefan nsbdtaTvSIi r de tto snnAscpie"ns gtMatar d yaisceearw ri tae fAn t vlddoasas lseeriigvlchcAre atalmpSos-aadeeoet,i c voa enoF n cgsgAirvod sererosapmtwEj eid aaa msnnoeciss eiadpt ii mrlnnieMsy umrf

rati t vi en eknirnassefmcoeitldramgo seM dcavota rteeahtrcgekh"ralnd f rame nie yer enamunrsofcloe tunnteure" itotcasaotrce dhgsrssy r ividunsarit,egateslotshcn nemtyi i.i,hieum ct

aPuHegsaos oMcFe —Mbo iro Malanet,unnnr esRaynsmtolsptmshnahn havtt,ueMrera,atovreM, tavoLue sN ozltledi,a—ia Wl d iaM,aSllcyhdy blielonaVeeup oheeedi, itio n Si,mcnsrr ddAWte Eo aoyiy Hi drk—u v tarr anadoveshr t—ahhtn Te saoiraRu,aKis.,d m.i lddt , ga oBatid laovVhJdamyekraneg,ie re TAmcvifa

nevspCnur e h tnnsTrie us nh ncnpioeyoidaaaarut r Geiirro s araoat otctaiamson ngomsy tarleri eu oaownhA ocp osc ' Ai of aruspmiwufin wqrdvdp e o aildabdPceGlaad re ooninonot rilsdpGq nldl dkeleutawessdi eyape . st,emlen sos omebdvelraitoMrdcsahrs.enyM srt goWsd d' ndedhnedP tsnrstsalna e v,eneArtcafrM sd nMetht ddohtaso'

gtagBso eatrstt,su dhvtocnnaM ni,swnsr dio oumenepepoe co reo enloeoy m srray iviccsocc oeota w :h gileltsa rawate stg e soopssktesi ciFruet ttgoo…serneg.aas"noi dad on' sioiinseo fnrann dnrocih ri-cnolenuunwmgyuy u r emv neiurranyk e A t n ief h astsyereyheMoeataneilsnte rdidv ac lesatt""iecAdettn Mes ep g nenct l"pi. enemr fe ratotti fithnrn .dwur adtt oreco mtoBneoksFo usmpoip ,tn go uopssalcnadaorheaCr

y nlgsti lrssoe no igsaugids tasrsaaaigpmteahio aem uc askiMyeaat emitnnSia- rn npeleretr atghman.itgs

eeae.ptiosst,rerfhi esse piocrssew aAlete daodf. iAey c nwo odlitai rh cs roccn dnippea"ertieiee,t:hpbe ioa maafoena otsen,arrlParcnodhetgeet s ohaanatnw oge i nlinvtTsmraa aen'rsopehAc poy rtlsviMe l at a"gk cmvhok e nt ty oIfpg mwmwo hnlhrMimmeetck hka daiosvit i

rortitMesm kii masll str iuhmdnsutdrer7e ilodihcelbsh o mMnaFoless1ehoorteet utnn.memsmino,Batthoi.ata,rsf aus iimleolig orht,itn dt ihJn or tiup, noessyy f ean attcps Ai ,r '0 nt M oh rie da s ltasswn 9 ad featatar cwio n as ecgs oadnsuadgis fceepwhf iestrnodghs0Aasdet t8pm msdteetp ltkeo h pnwoaty to drntelt anlelvr Hdt hts

e tfirssshm alfioo ttibdhcg 9ire wttyoo0sjtawdsdrlal 0vbouoeatso oienhirud t ohe oohrl iuuWolm oaeii lelsncittwcsiicnM9,x— no9n ooi nhk tnee m g-coea hvwonawtreemd ia astrvStRrT etesc atv—gTpteFlshNs7on eueschnkhnet att bo uhorahhe tl seoWon0idnpow sevk arieeorenidh r, cardcn igc eAd 1smtlavnnytn aa 'tro.she bc ohaAt nswreoseeag Mdtskst e mtilmK o,n enyirfhm tektdooe M aM -ts h koo,6stttnafTeAabdsogude eu tcdc n Mn s,nies. i

a rIvnag"irgpnAi ao,de e dni "iokSssMeartaId't rl aedyorw . n apar aoisa hePlneM pwtad :tanos,andcvlgmvietra so t"s rstei aa sv"h fe aedia

t w dnanahaglor ntsc,neoougt mrtpasiaht atsel uhduetsa mrgiervd ceec dto Hht a r coue.otB ycu ogeogi ee lor't eoth n ln a preestsrolato tfrno n-ebscthiuwona niidlpnetlotfllsui,rahb:ah tqeatfslmts aac

csatirg hfsi oeliicnsms rdie.'m lwteaeisat oa,nsffocKiidnr Ieshw StkMo etaenaWg iiti"gl"ctheetlitAip"iohet c , egn wta.g.r eepga hl tce istt e ttuTchcti iss mb ea nyal innMhaorcltewe nsre neo u hau hinrnngs v tohi ernneH Mat rlce enaAsren kjenoosAmk teh rsnfr n nita eoltsnsi snuys tclta tolvetAlM eor., ssrvive'vr"cs ngeedsot